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Grade 12 Entrance: ENGLISH Exam Focus Areas: Based on 1995-2015EC Exams (Ethiopia): By Million Abebe (MA in English/in TEFL and B. Ed. Degree in Pedagogy): 2023




Part-1: Basic Information about Focus Areas
'Focus Areas' is students' map/ compass but many students don't give attention!
  • It is like travelling map/compass that shows you (students) both your 'starting' and 'ending' points. 
    • That means, if you don't have 'list of focus areas' in your hand and also don't use it, your study will be like 'moving by closing eyes'. 
  • Dear students, you have to have (written) complete list of focus areas and also you have to use it as guidelines!
  • Without focus areas, you can't know:
    • the topics to be covered and to be left (no need of study)!
    • the topics that need more and the one that less effors/time!
    • the topics that have been covered and also haven't yet covered!
Application   
  • For English Language Exam, use the next list!
  • For other subjects, use your textbooks' table of contents (all subjects)! 
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Part-2: Grade 12 Entrance: ENGLISH Exam Focus Areas: Based on 1995-2015EC Exams (Ethiopia)
Note: Here, 'Entrance' refers to:
  • 'Ethiopian University Entrance Exam' or
  • 'Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination'!
I. Grammar/Language Focus
1. Tenses 
2. Passive and Active Voices 
3. Subject Verb Agreement
4. Adverbial Clauses and Related
A. Common Adverbial Clauses 
   ā˜ž  Reason clauses
   ā˜ž  Result clauses
   ā˜ž  Contrast clauses
   ā˜ž  Purpose clauses
   ā˜ž  Relative clauses
   ā˜ž  Time clauses
B. Other Transitional Words to:
   ā˜ž  give emphasis
   ā˜ž  focus attention on what follows
   ā˜ž  give additional ideas
   ā˜ž  give examples
   ā˜ž  show sequence/order of events
   ā˜ž  show different ideas
5. Comparisons
6. As, like, as if, as though.. .
7.Conditional Clauses
8.Regret/wish/unreal...
9.Quantifiers
   ā˜ž  Each and Every
   ā˜ž  No 
   ā˜ž  None
   ā˜ž  Any and Some 
   ā˜ž  No one, Someoneā€¦  
   ā˜ž  Little and A little
   ā˜ž  A few, Few and others
10. Uses of Modal Verbs
   ā˜ž  Obligation
   ā˜ž  Absence of Obligation
   ā˜ž  Possibility
   ā˜ž  Deduction
   ā˜ž  Ability
   ā˜ž  Permission and Request
   ā˜ž  Suggestion and Advice
11. Gerund, Infinitive & Participle
12. Parts of Speeches and Others
  ā˜ž Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs
  ā˜ž Adverbs, Adjectives, Articles
  ā˜ž Conjunctions, prepositions
  ā˜ž Word formations 
  ā˜ž Use of had better, no sooner...
13. Questions and Related Areas
  ā˜ž Wh-word questions
  ā˜ž Tag questions 
  ā˜ž Yes or No questions 
  ā˜ž Indirect questions.. .
14. Verbs and their Types 
A. Main Verbs: 
   ā˜ž  Action Verbs 
   ā˜ž  State Verbs 
   ā˜ž  Transitive Verbs 
   ā˜ž  Intransitive Verbs
B. Auxiliary Verbs: 
   ā˜ž  Verb to be 
   ā˜ž  Verb to have 
   ā˜ž  Verb to do
   ā˜ž  Modal Verbs


II. Writing 
1.Word Spelling
2. Word Order/Jumbled Words
3. Paragraph Writing
A. Paragraph Coherence
B. Paragraph Development Techniques/ Methods
  ā˜ž  Narration/Narrative 
  ā˜ž  Exposition
  ā˜ž  Definition
  ā˜ž  Classification
  ā˜ž  Description/Descriptive
  ā˜ž  Process/process analysis
  ā˜ž  Persuasion/Argumentative
  ā˜ž  Cause and effect
  ā˜ž  Contrast/comparison
C. Main Idea of Paragraph 
4. Punctuations and Capitalization
5. Letter Writing 
III. Communicative Activities
  ā˜ž  Advice
  ā˜ž  Permission 
  ā˜ž  Request
  ā˜ž  Opinion
  ā˜ž  Agreement 
  ā˜ž  Telephoning 
  ā˜ž  Direction
  ā˜ž  Shopping
  ā˜ž  Help
  ā˜ž  Greeting/Introduction 
  ā˜ž  Other contextual areas
IV. Comprehension
1. Sentence Comprehension
A. Nearest/closest meaning 
B. Best Combination 
2. Vocabulary
3. Reading Passage















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