Grade 12 Entrance: ENGLISH Exam Focus Areas: Based on 1995-2015EC Exams (Ethiopia): By Million Abebe (MA in English/in TEFL and B. Ed. Degree in Pedagogy): 2023
Part-1: Basic Information about Focus Areas
'Focus Areas' is students' map/ compass but many students don't give attention!
- It is like travelling map/compass that shows you (students) both your 'starting' and 'ending' points.
- That means, if you don't have 'list of focus areas' in your hand and also don't use it, your study will be like 'moving by closing eyes'.
- Dear students, you have to have (written) complete list of focus areas and also you have to use it as guidelines!
- Without focus areas, you can't know:
- the topics to be covered and to be left (no need of study)!
- the topics that need more and the one that less effors/time!
- the topics that have been covered and also haven't yet covered!
Application
- For English Language Exam, use the next list!
- For other subjects, use your textbooks' table of contents (all subjects)!
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Part-2: Grade 12 Entrance: ENGLISH Exam Focus Areas: Based on 1995-2015EC Exams (Ethiopia)
Note: Here, 'Entrance' refers to:
- 'Ethiopian University Entrance Exam' or
- 'Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination'!
I. Grammar/Language Focus
1. Tenses
2. Passive and Active Voices
3. Subject Verb Agreement
4. Adverbial Clauses and Related
A. Common Adverbial Clauses
☞ Reason clauses
☞ Result clauses
☞ Contrast clauses
☞ Purpose clauses
☞ Relative clauses
☞ Time clauses
B. Other Transitional Words to:
☞ give emphasis
☞ focus attention on what follows
☞ give additional ideas
☞ give examples
☞ show sequence/order of events
☞ show different ideas
5. Comparisons
6. As, like, as if, as though.. .
7.Conditional Clauses
8.Regret/wish/unreal...
9.Quantifiers
☞ Each and Every
☞ No
☞ None
☞ Any and Some
☞ No one, Someone…
☞ Little and A little
☞ A few, Few and others
10. Uses of Modal Verbs
☞ Obligation
☞ Absence of Obligation
☞ Possibility
☞ Deduction
☞ Ability
☞ Permission and Request
☞ Suggestion and Advice
11. Gerund, Infinitive & Participle
12. Parts of Speeches and Others
☞ Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs
☞ Adverbs, Adjectives, Articles
☞ Conjunctions, prepositions
☞ Word formations
☞ Use of had better, no sooner...
13. Questions and Related Areas
☞ Wh-word questions
☞ Tag questions
☞ Yes or No questions
☞ Indirect questions.. .
14. Verbs and their Types
A. Main Verbs:
☞ Action Verbs
☞ State Verbs
☞ Transitive Verbs
☞ Intransitive Verbs
B. Auxiliary Verbs:
☞ Verb to be
☞ Verb to have
☞ Verb to do
☞ Modal Verbs
II. Writing
1.Word Spelling
2. Word Order/Jumbled Words
3. Paragraph Writing
A. Paragraph Coherence
B. Paragraph Development Techniques/ Methods
☞ Narration/Narrative
☞ Exposition
☞ Definition
☞ Classification
☞ Description/Descriptive
☞ Process/process analysis
☞ Persuasion/Argumentative
☞ Cause and effect
☞ Contrast/comparison
C. Main Idea of Paragraph
4. Punctuations and Capitalization
5. Letter Writing
III. Communicative Activities
☞ Advice
☞ Permission
☞ Request
☞ Opinion
☞ Agreement
☞ Telephoning
☞ Direction
☞ Shopping
☞ Help
☞ Greeting/Introduction
☞ Other contextual areas
IV. Comprehension
1. Sentence Comprehension
A. Nearest/closest meaning
B. Best Combination
2. Vocabulary
3. Reading Passage
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