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Grade 12 Entrance: ENGLISH Exam Focus Areas: Based on 1995-2015EC Exams (Ethiopia): By Million Abebe (MA in English/in TEFL and B. Ed. Degree in Pedagogy): 2023




Part-1: Basic Information about Focus Areas
'Focus Areas' is students' map/ compass but many students don't give attention!
  • It is like travelling map/compass that shows you (students) both your 'starting' and 'ending' points. 
    • That means, if you don't have 'list of focus areas' in your hand and also don't use it, your study will be like 'moving by closing eyes'. 
  • Dear students, you have to have (written) complete list of focus areas and also you have to use it as guidelines!
  • Without focus areas, you can't know:
    • the topics to be covered and to be left (no need of study)!
    • the topics that need more and the one that less effors/time!
    • the topics that have been covered and also haven't yet covered!
Application   
  • For English Language Exam, use the next list!
  • For other subjects, use your textbooks' table of contents (all subjects)! 
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Part-2: Grade 12 Entrance: ENGLISH Exam Focus Areas: Based on 1995-2015EC Exams (Ethiopia)
Note: Here, 'Entrance' refers to:
  • 'Ethiopian University Entrance Exam' or
  • 'Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination'!
I. Grammar/Language Focus
1. Tenses 
2. Passive and Active Voices 
3. Subject Verb Agreement
4. Adverbial Clauses and Related
A. Common Adverbial Clauses 
   ☞  Reason clauses
   ☞  Result clauses
   ☞  Contrast clauses
   ☞  Purpose clauses
   ☞  Relative clauses
   ☞  Time clauses
B. Other Transitional Words to:
   ☞  give emphasis
   ☞  focus attention on what follows
   ☞  give additional ideas
   ☞  give examples
   ☞  show sequence/order of events
   ☞  show different ideas
5. Comparisons
6. As, like, as if, as though.. .
7.Conditional Clauses
8.Regret/wish/unreal...
9.Quantifiers
   ☞  Each and Every
   ☞  No 
   ☞  None
   ☞  Any and Some 
   ☞  No one, Someone…  
   ☞  Little and A little
   ☞  A few, Few and others
10. Uses of Modal Verbs
   ☞  Obligation
   ☞  Absence of Obligation
   ☞  Possibility
   ☞  Deduction
   ☞  Ability
   ☞  Permission and Request
   ☞  Suggestion and Advice
11. Gerund, Infinitive & Participle
12. Parts of Speeches and Others
  ☞ Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs
  ☞ Adverbs, Adjectives, Articles
  ☞ Conjunctions, prepositions
  ☞ Word formations 
  ☞ Use of had better, no sooner...
13. Questions and Related Areas
  ☞ Wh-word questions
  ☞ Tag questions 
  ☞ Yes or No questions 
  ☞ Indirect questions.. .
14. Verbs and their Types 
A. Main Verbs: 
   ☞  Action Verbs 
   ☞  State Verbs 
   ☞  Transitive Verbs 
   ☞  Intransitive Verbs
B. Auxiliary Verbs: 
   ☞  Verb to be 
   ☞  Verb to have 
   ☞  Verb to do
   ☞  Modal Verbs


II. Writing 
1.Word Spelling
2. Word Order/Jumbled Words
3. Paragraph Writing
A. Paragraph Coherence
B. Paragraph Development Techniques/ Methods
  ☞  Narration/Narrative 
  ☞  Exposition
  ☞  Definition
  ☞  Classification
  ☞  Description/Descriptive
  ☞  Process/process analysis
  ☞  Persuasion/Argumentative
  ☞  Cause and effect
  ☞  Contrast/comparison
C. Main Idea of Paragraph 
4. Punctuations and Capitalization
5. Letter Writing 
III. Communicative Activities
  ☞  Advice
  ☞  Permission 
  ☞  Request
  ☞  Opinion
  ☞  Agreement 
  ☞  Telephoning 
  ☞  Direction
  ☞  Shopping
  ☞  Help
  ☞  Greeting/Introduction 
  ☞  Other contextual areas
IV. Comprehension
1. Sentence Comprehension
A. Nearest/closest meaning 
B. Best Combination 
2. Vocabulary
3. Reading Passage















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