Explanation for Grade 12 University Entrance Exam: Civic and Ethical Education: By Wendimu Mekonnin (MA): 2023

Explanation for Challenge 1: Unit 5
                              
1. The most recent crime of genocide in Africa was committed against? (G-12: 2003)
A. Hutus in Burundi                  C. Hutus in Rwanda
B. Tutsis in Burundi                  D. Tutsis in Rwanda
                                      Explanation
Genocide in Rwanda
Rwanda is one of the smallest African countries. Its population is about 7 million. The Hutu and the Tutsi were the two main ethnic groups in that country. Ninety percent of the Rwandan population was Hutu though the Tutsi minority controlled political power until the country became independent from Belgium in 1962. In that year the Hutu controlled political power, but they were not ready to share political power with the Tutsi. This aggravated a Hutu-Tutsi conflict in Rwanda.
The conflict culminated in genocide in 1994 after the assassination of Rwandan President Habyarimana and the President of Burundi, Cyprian Ntaryamira, while flying to Rwanda. Hutu extremists started killing the Tutsi and moderate Hutus on April 6, 1994 and the killing continued for a hundred days. About 10,000 Tutsis were killed every day. The Hutu militia killed up to 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus within a hundred days using everything including machetes. Finally, the Tutsi rebel movement, led by Paul Kagame, managed to stop the genocide in July 1994 by defeating the Hutu forces.
                                              Answer D
2. During the second world war Adolph Hitlers Nazi soldiers atrociously killed millions of the Jewish people. Which one of the following can explain this action? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Homicide          B. Massacre            C. Genocide           D. Suicide
                                             Explanation
The Holocaust, the mass killing of the Jews, is a good example of genocide. The Nazis used different methods to kill the Jews. Jews were sent to concentration camps where they were forced to work under harsh conditions such as overcrowding, with meager food rations and lack of health services.
The Jews were killed by concentrating them in large gas chambers; immediate and mass shootings; and using gas vans in which the victims were suffocated by exhaust fumes from the engine.
First the Nazis planned to kill the Jews in the USSR. Then Hitler expanded the idea to eliminate all Jews in German occupied countries and then in all parts of the world. The killing of the Jews was started in the USSR in spring 1941. There were about 33,000 Germans involved in the mass shooting of Jews. After January 1942, the killing of Jews was intensified. There were about 3 million Jews in Poland before the Nazis established three major gassing centers at Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. 1,450,000 to 1,750,000 Jews perished in the three death camps from March to July 1942. Hundreds of Jewish prisoners were murdered in each gas chamber at a time, quickly and impersonally.
Although Hitler killed the majority of Jews that lived in Europe, his plan to eliminate the Jews in the world was not successful. In total, the Nazis killed 6 million Jews, about one third of the total number of Jews in the world at that time.
                                                 Answer C
3. I have a dream. This inspiring quotation is associated with: (G-12: Entrance)
A. Rosa Parks                           B. Abraham Lincoln  
C. Mahatma Ghandi                  D. Martin Luther king
                                     Explanation
Martin Luther King Junior was an African American born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1929. He was one of the famous civil rights leaders in the USA. He became more famous after the imprisonment of Rosa Parks, a black woman, who was also a civil rights activist. Rosa Parks was sent to prison for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man. The bus service in Montgomery-Alabama was based on a racist law. Only white people were allowed to use the front seats while blacks had to use the back seats and were forced to give their seats to white people when more got into the bus. Rosa Parks acted against this discrimination on 5 December 1955. She refused to give up her seat to a white man though the driver told her to do so. Other blacks gave up their seats to whites while Rosa Parks said No! As a result, she was sent to prison. The black people of Montgomery started a bus boycott in response to Rosa Parks imprisonment. The boycott continued for about a year. King was a spokesman of the leaders of the boycott. In December 1956, the United States Supreme Court cancelled the segregation laws that ended discrimination against blacks using public buses.
King served as the leader of the black civil rights movement in the United States until his death. King was killed on 4 April, 1968 after addressing his last speech. King was famous in his fight against racism.
In one speech King said: I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!
                                                        Answer D
4.It is apparent that Ethiopia contributed peacekeeping forces to Korea, Congo Darfur and now Sudan. What does this imply? (G-12: Entrance)
A. The strength of Ethiopias military power
B. The fact that Ethiopian solders are good fighters
C. The ability of the UN to mobilize its member states
D. Ethiopias readiness to play her part in the peace keeping process.
                                        Explanation
The United Nations (UN) was established at the end of the war in 1945. Ethiopia was one of the few African countries which were members of the United Nations at that time.
As a member of the UN, Ethiopia contributed to global peace and stability by sending peacekeeping forces to South Korea, Congo, Rwanda, Burundi etc.
                                        Answer D
5.Which of the following is the major reason that made Addis Ababa one of the diplomatic hubs of the world and the seat of Africa Union (the former OAU)? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Because it is one of the few big, beautiful cities in the world
B. Because it is the place where cultural diversity and tolerance are well cultivated
C. Because Ethiopia had played commendable role in Africa and international politics
D. Because Ethiopia is a good example of wonderful hospitality
                                    Explanation
Ethiopias contribution in other African issues is also great. Addis Ababa is the hub of African
diplomacy and the center of the African Union (AU) formerly called the Organization of African Unity (OAU). This is because Ethiopia was the symbol of independence and anti-colonial struggle in Africa.
Moreover, Ethiopia is one of the African countries which contributed to the foundation of the OAU. Emperor Haile Selassie I and President Sekou Toure of Guinea made great efforts to bring together 32 leaders of independent African countries in Addis Ababa in 1963. The OAU was born in Addis Ababa in the presence of famous African leaders including Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya and Abdul Nasser of Egypt.
                                  Answer C
6.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! This famous quotation is associated to: (G-12: Entrance)
A. Martin Luther        B. Rosa Parks      
C. Abraham Lincoln   D. Martin Luther king
                                      Explanation
King served as the leader of the black civil rights movement in the United States until his death. King was killed on 4 April, 1968 after addressing his last speech. King was famous in his fight against racism.
In one speech King said: I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!
                                                        Answer D
7. Where did Ethiopia play a role in peace keeping mission? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Angola          B. Congo      
C. North Korea   D. South Africa
                                         Explanation
As a member of the UN, Ethiopia contributed to global peace and stability by sending peacekeeping forces to South Korea, Congo, Rwanda, Burundi etc.
                                        Answer B
8. Which of the following is an expected duty of a patriotic citizen? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Sacrificing personal interest for the common good
B. Giving access states secret to neighboring countries
C. Avoiding of criticizing government policies based on evidence
D. Keep away from taking part in voluntary activities so as to save time.
                                       Explanation
patriotic citizens have various duties and responsibilities. These duties are related to promoting the public interest at local and national levels. One of the major duties of a patriotic citizen is playing an exemplary role in defending national security. Citizens can defend the national security by fighting against the enemy of their country, keeping states secrets, fighting against terrorism and other crimes such as drug trafficking and other illegal trades.
They also work hard to promote productivity and fight against poverty; take part in voluntary activities to help the needy and solve community problems.
Another duty of a patriot is to have pride in ones flag because it embodies the historical, cultural and psychological phenomena of a nation. Today there are over two hundred countries in the world each having its own flag. Within many of those countries there are regions and nations which also have their own flags.
The Ethiopian flag has been in place for many centuries. The flag served as a symbol of unity against foreign aggression. Today, besides being an instrument of unity, it should encourage us to overcome our political, economic and social problems as well as to strengthen our national pride.
In Ethiopia, besides having a federal government flag, each region has a separate flag. Besides protecting the national security and respect for the flag, patriotic citizens are expected to make other contributions.
They develop skills to understand, evaluate and support government policies and strategies.
They also work together with the government to implement development policies and strategies. They do this because they understand that government alone cannot address all sectors of development and solve all sorts of problems. They also know that government and citizens should work together to accelerate development and eradicate poverty and backwardness.
The role of patriotic citizens is not limited to working together with government to implement
policies and strategies. They also forward criticisms when they believe that the policies and strategies are not sound or are inappropriate to solve the socio-economic problems of the country. They do not criticize government policies and strategies blindly. They put forward rational criticism which is based on evidence and practical experience.
                                        Answer A
9. Which of the following is correct about the Ethiopian flag? (G-12: Entrance)
A. It is a recent fabrication              
B. It serves as symbol of unity
C. It is a purely colonial legacy
D. It has in significant historical value
                                       Explanation
The Ethiopian flag has been in place for many centuries. The flag served as a symbol of unity against foreign aggression. Today, besides being an instrument of unity, it should encourage us to overcome our political, economic and social problems as well as to strengthen our national pride.
                                          Answer B
10.Which of the following goes with the nation of constitutional patriotism in the current Ethiopian context? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Citizens commitment to the states development
B. Citizens commitment to conquer neighboring countries
C. Citizens indulgence to cultural and religious fundamentalism
D. Citizens determination to fight the virtue of tolerance in the state
                                            Explanation
Constitutional patriotism is the devotion and commitment of citizens to the state developments.
                                              Answer A
11.Which of the following is an attribute of patriotism? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Developing rent-seeking behavior
B. Playing the role of whistle blowers
C. Recognizing and accepting cultural indifferences
D. Respecting heritages on the basis of ethnocentrism
                                     Explanation
You need to use your knowledge to treat people with tolerance. Tolerance refers to an attitude of openness and respect for the differences that exist among people. Originally tolerance was used to refer to acceptance of ethnic and religious differences but now concepts of diversity and tolerance can be also applied to differences such as gender and disability.
Tolerance means accepting and valuing differences, bridging cultural gaps and discovering common grounds. It also means rejecting stereotypes and creating new relationships with people who differ from us. Tolerance is accepting equality of citizens despite different backgrounds. It is about accepting and respecting people for who they are.
It is not being tolerant of bad behaviors, because bad behavior shows a lack of respect and care for others. Behaviors that disrespect or hurt others, such as lying and stealing, breaking social rules and laws, should not be tolerated.
                                       Answer C
12. In what way did Ethiopia protect her independence from foreign aggressions in the past few centuries? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Through diplomatic negotiations
B. Through patriotic resistance struggle
C. Through peaceful submission
D. Through the support of western Great powers
                                   Explanation
Ethiopia is a country of ancient history. It is also regarded as a symbol of independence in Africa.
Ethiopia was free from colonial rule with the exception of a brief period of Italian occupation (1936  1941). In those five years, Ethiopian patriots, even in the absence of their Emperor, fought against the Italian forces. Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in 1936 to revenge the humiliating defeat of the Italian army at the Battle of Adwa (1896).
The victory of Adwa made Ethiopia the only African country to successfully defend its independence, defeating a colonial power.
                              Answer B
13. Who was the American Civil Rights Activist sent toprison for refusing to give up her seat in a bus for a white man? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Rosa Luxemburg        B.  Patricia Goldman              
C. Clara Zeitkin               D. Rosa Parks
                              Explanation
Rosa Parks was sent to prison for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man. The bus service in Montgomery-Alabama was based on a racist law. Only white people were allowed to use the front seats while blacks had to use the back seats and were forced to give their seats to white people when more got into the bus. Rosa Parks acted against this discrimination on 5 December 1955. She refused to give up her seat to a white man though the driver told her to do so. Other blacks gave up their seats to whites while Rosa Parks said No! As a result, she was sent to prison. The black people of Montgomery started a bus boycott in response to Rosa Parks imprisonment.
                              Answer D
14. When did Ethiopia become the member of the League of Nations? (G-12: Entrance)
 A. 1920            B. 1921     C.1923     D. 1925
                                    Explanation
Ethiopia was one of the earliest members of the League of Nations which was founded in 1920 to maintain global peace and cooperation. Ethiopia became a member of the League in 1923 when most of the African countries were ruled by European colonial forces. At that time there were two African countries, Liberia and South Africa, which were members of the League.
                                     Answer C
15. Which African countries joined the Langue of Nations besides Ethiopia? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Kenya and Tunisia      
B. Liberia and South Africa    
C. Algeria and Egypt
D. Ghana and Nigeria.
                                        Explanation
Ethiopia became a member of the League in 1923 when most of the African countries were ruled by European colonial forces. At that time there were two African countries, Liberia and South Africa, which were members of the League.
                                     Answer B
16. When was the organization of African Union (OAU) transformed in to Africa Union (AU)? (G-12: Entrance)
A. 2002    B. 2004    C. 2006      D. 2009
                                        Explanation
In 2001/2, the African Union replaced by the OAU with attempts to strengthen it and give it a new role. The organization included a Pan-African parliament, a Pan-African Court of Justice, an African central band and a Peace and Security Council. ...the African Union was given the
right to intervene, without consent, in a member state in order to restore peace and stability; to
prevent war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity; and in response to a serious threat to legitimate order.
                                         Answer A
17. Which of the following is correct about the League of Nations? (G-12: Entrance)
A. It accepted most of the African countries as its members.
B. It accepted Ethiopia as its member without any opposition.
C. If failed to protect Ethiopian from the Italian invasion.
D. It was a global organization established before World War I.
                                Explanation
Ethiopia joined the League of Nations in 1923, three years after its establishment. However, the League of Nations failed Ethiopia when it was unable to stop the Italian invasion of the country in 1935. Following the five-year guerrilla war, after defeating Italy, Ethiopia once again asserted its independence.
When the Second World War ended in 1945, the need to establish a new international organization to maintain world peace and security became a necessity. The UN was born out of the debris of the Second World War and Ethiopia became one of its founding members.
Ethiopia contributed quite a lot to the cause of the UN - far more than any other African country could do then. Ethiopia contributed peacekeeping forces to UN missions in Korea and Congo in the early years of the existence of the organization. An Ethiopian General led the peacekeeping mission in the Congo, a privilege which was rare as they usually came from countries in the developed world.
The good image that the country established with the UN peacekeeping missions enabled it to play more roles for world peace. In recent years, Ethiopian peacekeeping forces under the UN have served in Rwanda, Burundi, Liberia and Darfur to maintain peace and help the local people.
In 1963, after the decolonization of Africa, independent countries established their continental organization. Ethiopia pioneered the establishment of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union (AU), and Addis Ababa became its headquarters.
                                   Answer C
18. Which of the following is true about the Organization of African Unity (OAU)? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Its head quarter was changed three times.
B. It was founded by independent African countries.
C. Its first head quarter was in Dakar, Senegal.
D. It was established by former British colonies.
                               Explanation
Ethiopia contributed quite a lot to the cause of the UN - far more than any other African country could do then. Ethiopia contributed peacekeeping forces to UN missions in Korea and Congo in the early years of the existence of the organization. An Ethiopian General led the peacekeeping mission in the Congo, a privilege which was rare as they usually came from countries in the developed world.
The good image that the country established with the UN peacekeeping missions enabled it to play more roles for world peace. In recent years, Ethiopian peacekeeping forces under the UN have served in Rwanda, Burundi, Liberia and Darfur to maintain peace and help the local people.
In 1963, after the decolonization of Africa, independent countries established their continental organization. Ethiopia pioneered the establishment of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union (AU), and Addis Ababa became its headquarters.
                                   Answer B
19. Which of the following was a civil rights activist struggled against racial discrimination in the United States of America? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Martin Luther King Junior           
C. Mohandas Gandhi
B. Nelson Mandela
D. Thomas Jefferson
                                 Explanation
Martin Luther King Junior was an African American born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1929. He was one of the famous civil rights leaders in the USA. He became more famous after the imprisonment of Rosa Parks, a black woman, who was also a civil rights activist. Rosa Parks was sent to prison for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man.
King served as the leader of the black civil rights movement in the United States until his death. King was killed on 4 April 1968 after addressing his last speech. King was famous in his fight against racism. In one speech King said: I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!
                                     Answer A
20. Which of the following is true about the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)? (G-12: Entrance)
A. It is a regional organization having member countries from Eastern, Western, Southern Africa.
B. It was established by East African countries including Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya & Somalia.
C. It is a predecessor of the new partnership for Africans Development established in1986.
D. It was found as a successor of the common market for Eastern and Southern Africa.
                                 Explanation
IGAD: Intergovernmental Authority on Development IGAD was previously called IGADD, the Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development. Six members: Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda, founded IGADD in East Africa in 1986. The head office of IGAD is in Djibouti. Eritrea became the seventh member in 1993. The member states amended its Charter and changed IGADD to IGAD in 1996.
                              Answer B
21. Thinking as a global citizen, patriots can show their commitment to the international community through; (G-12: Entrance)
A. Being an international tourist.
B. Taking a strong position against terrorism.
C. By taking sides between conflicting groups.
D. Being an advocator of an isolationist foreign policy.
                                    Explanation
The maintenance of national security is one of the major preconditions to achieve continuous development. However, national security cannot be achieved in the absence of international security because national, regional and global securities are closely related. For example, the security of Ethiopia cannot be fully maintained without the prevalence of security in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. The absence of security in Ethiopia would also affect the security of the Horn regions and the rest of the world.
Terrorists attacks on western countries resulted in insecurity in the west. The western countries, including the United States, allocate large amounts of money to defend their country from terrorism.
As a result, they reduce the amount of development aid to the poor countries which negatively affects their development. Terrorists aiming at attacking the interests of the United States may attack the American embassy in Kenya, or kill US tourists in Tanzania, or hijack an aircraft of Ethiopian Airlines flying to the USA. These kinds of terrorist actions not only affect the security of the United States, but also affect the security of Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia and many other countries. This indicates that we have to work together to maintain international security in order to maintain our national security.
                                      Answer B
22. An individual can contribute in maintaining international peace through: (G-12: Entrance)
A. Uniting to the common cause for peace and prosperity.
B. Supporting nuclear proliferation.
C. Investing all of a persons time and energy to selfish personal gains.
D. Giving a deaf ear to what is going on in the world.
                                      Explanation
You can contribute to the well-being of the global community through fighting against terrorism, genocide, and illegal trade such as drug trafficking. As already described, terrorism is one of the crucial problems of the world because it affects national and international security.
                                    Answer A
23. Which one of the followings can be classified as a good quality of patriots? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Giving-up the secrets of the country
B. Respecting the democratic and human rights of others
C. Not to be professionally ethical
D. Ignoring the laws of the land
                                    Explanation
 Human society has passed through different ordeals to reach the present position where
human and democratic rights are recognized.
For example, the French Revolution in the 18th Century was an attempt to recognize the human and democratic rights of ordinary citizens, following the independence of the United States.
This aristocracy was plagued with inequality with a rich monarchy running the government and a large poor working class. A National Assembly had been created to produce a constitution to limit royal autocracy and guarantee liberty, equality and fraternity.
 The Ethiopian people have also paid in human life and material destruction to overthrow the
autocratic dictatorial regimes of the country to attain the present democratic system.
                                     Answer B
24. Ethiopias contribution to the world excludes; (G-12: Entrance)
A. Serving as a symbol of independence for all oppressed people of the world
B. Its participation in United Nations peace missions
C. Taking somebody elses resources
D. Being a cradle of mankind and civilization
                                 Explanation
The victory of Adwa made Ethiopia the only African country to successfully defend its independence, defeating a colonial power.
In addition to defending its independence, Ethiopia has made significant contributions to the peace and stability of the world.
                                   Answer C
25. Which one of the following achievements was a major accomplishment of the civil rights movement in the USA in 1950s? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Slavery was abolished.    
B. Racism was over.       
C. Women were given the right to vote.
D. Segregation laws were dropped.
                                      Explanation
 The heart of the question is whether all Americans are to be afforded equal rights and equal opportunities. The time has come for this nation to fulfil its promise. In 1964 a Civil Rights Act was made law and discrimination was banned in public places.
                                       Answer D
26. Which one of the following ethical behaviors is associated with showing respect to people? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Fairness
B. Civility
C. Courage
 D. Truthfulness
                                       Explanation
Treating people with respect is a sign of civility. It helps us get along, have good relationships with each other, resolve conflicts and create a harmonious social environment. It refers to refraining from ridiculing and hurting others, accepting personal differences and listening to what others have to say.
                                     Answer B
27.  Ethiopias leading role to the cause of Africa is symbolized by: (G-12: Entrance)
A. Ethiopias transformation as the largest economy in the continent.
B. Ethiopias being the only African country as a member of the League of Nations.
C. The establishment of the OAU/AU in Addis Ababa.
D. The opening of legations in Addis Ababa since 1896.
                                        Explanation
Ethiopias contribution in other African issues is also great. Addis Ababa is the hub of African
diplomacy and the center of the African Union (AU) formerly called the Organization of African Unity (OAU). This is because Ethiopia was the symbol of independence and anti-colonial struggle in Africa.
Moreover, Ethiopia is one of the African countries which contributed to the foundation of the OAU. Emperor Haile Selassie I and President Sekou Touré of Guinea made great efforts to bring together 32 leaders of independent African countries in Addis Ababa in 1963. The OAU was born in Addis Ababa in the presence of famous African leaders including Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya and Abdul Nasser of Egypt.
                                         Answer C
Explanation for Challenge 2: Unit 6
1. Shouldering responsibilities: (G-12: Entrance)
A. is mandatory to escape from arrest.
B. is a sign of submissiveness and inferiority.
C. is not expected from top government officials.
D. Gives confidence to citizens to demand their rights.
                                        Explanation
In order to shoulder and discourage responsibilities, socialization is essential requisite.
Socialization is a continuous process which extends from childhood until old age. Parents and schools are main agents of socialization. Parent as prime agents are expected to tutor their children on how to carry out responsibilities.
The well-being of society is the basis for the wellbeing of its members. In society, every person has some responsibilities to shoulder to make life better. Any person, in order to shoulder his/her responsibility and fulfill it, he/she moral strength, this means he/she has to be psychologically ready to execute his/her responsibility. One must feel that shouldering responsibility bears in mind the possible consequences that may come with it.
                                              Answer ”
2. What is meant by shouldering responsibility? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Enjoying and exercising individual rights.
B. Fulfilling the duties expected form us.
C. Living for the enjoyment of others only.
D. Be hard working to achieve personal goals.
                                     Explanation
In society, every person has some responsibilities to shoulder to make life better.
you have the responsibility to respect the rights of others.
You have the responsibility to work hard to improve your own condition.
Treating people as equals and with respect is one of the responsibilities you have towards others.
Respecting the norms, values and laws of society and the country are also part of your responsibilities.
                                      Answer ”
3. What is the possible benefit that one gets from discharging of his /her responsibilities? (G-12: Entrance)
A. The inability to utilize their human and democratic rights
B. lack of self-confidence and self-accomplishment in their work
C. The achievement of being valued by the concerned body
D. The development of dependence upon others knowledge and skill
                                 Explanation
Fulfilling responsibilities leads to developing a sense of personal independence, self-accomplishment and belief in oneself. Those citizens who are well aware of their responsibilities can use their rights and execute their obligations properly.
To be hardworking is one of the responsibilities that citizens have to demonstrate. Hard work helps to improve ones own life and, at the same time, contributes to the development of the country.
The culture of hard work will allow you to develop knowledge and skill. This in turn enables you to earn a higher income and improve your life. Consequently, the recognition you get through your achievements, and the social status you acquire, will further inspire you to do more. In this way, you develop self-esteem, which can be expressed in self-belief and confidence. Your sense of independence increases as you develop the culture of hard work and this helps to make you a balanced person who is capable of carrying out individual and social responsibilities. All of this is required to make democracy work and achieve development.
                                  Answer ”
4. What is the major advantage of fulfilling our obligations as Ethiopian citizens? (G-12: Entrance)
A. Socialization
B. Getting spiritual satisfaction
C. Enjoying our right in return
D. Getting financial reward
                                           Explanation    
Fulfilling responsibilities leads to developing a sense of personal independence, self-accomplishment and belief in oneself. Those citizens who are well aware of their responsibilities can use their rights and execute their obligations properly
To be hardworking is one of the responsibilities that citizens have to demonstrate. Hard work helps to improve ones own life and, at the same time, contributes to the development of the country.
The culture of hard work will allow you to develop knowledge and skill. This in turn enables you to earn a higher income and improve your life. Consequently, the recognition you get through your achievements, and the social status you acquire, will further inspire you to do more. In this way, you develop self-esteem, which can be expressed in self-belief and confidence. Your sense of independence increases as you develop the culture of hard work and this helps to make you a balanced person who is capable of carrying out individual and social responsibilities. All of this is required to make democracy work and achieve development.
                                  Answer ”
5. What is the possible benefit that one gets from discharging of his /her responsibilities?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. The inability to utilize their human and democratic rights
B. lack of self-confidence and self-accomplishment in their work
C. The achievement of being valued by the concerned body
D. The development of dependence upon others knowledge and skill
                                 Explanation
A person who fulfills responsibilities will be able to utilize his/her own fundamental rights.
However, a person who fails to execute his/her own responsibilities will be unable to use their rights.
Fulfilling responsibilities leads to developing a sense of personal independence, self-accomplishment and belief in oneself. Those citizens who are well aware of their responsibilities can use their rights and execute their obligations properly. To be hardworking is one of the responsibilities that citizens have to demonstrate. Hard work helps to improve ones own life and, at the same time, contributes to the development of the country.
The culture of hard work will allow you to develop knowledge and skill. This in turn enables you to earn a higher income and improve your life.
Consequently, the recognition you get through your achievements, and the social status you acquire, will further inspire you to do more. In this way, you develop self-esteem, which can be expressed in self-belief and confidence. Your sense of independence increases as you develop the culture of hard work and this helps to make you a balanced person who is capable of carrying out individual and social responsibilities. All of this is required to make democracy work and achieve development.
                                        Answer ”
6. What is the possible benefit that one gets from discharging of his /her responsibilities?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. The inability to utilize their human and democratic rights
B. lack of self-confidence and self-accomplishment in their work
C. The achievement of being valued by the concerned body
D. The development of dependence upon others knowledge and skill
                                 Explanation
Fulfilling responsibilities leads to developing a sense of personal independence, self-accomplishment and belief in oneself. Those citizens who are well aware of their responsibilities can use their rights and execute their obligations properly
To be hardworking is one of the responsibilities that citizens have to demonstrate. Hard work helps to improve ones own life and, at the same time, contributes to the development of the country.
The culture of hard work will allow you to develop knowledge and skill. This in turn enables you to earn a higher income and improve your life. Consequently, the recognition you get through your achievements, and the social status you acquire, will further inspire you to do more. In this way, you develop self-esteem, which can be expressed in self-belief and confidence. Your sense of independence increases as you develop the culture of hard work and this helps to make you a balanced person who is capable of carrying out individual and social responsibilities. All of this is required to make democracy work and achieve development.
                                  Answer ”
7. A citizen can get one of the following benefits from the society when he/she shoulders his/her individual responsibilities properly?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. Contempt in the society    
B. Social isolation    
C. Social disrespect                                  
D. Social respect
                                      Explanation
When you act responsibly, there are many benefits. some of the benefit of fulfilling responsibilities are:
Develop independence and self-esteem
Get acceptance and approval from others
Gain knowledge. Skill and experience
Get enhanced recognition, status and payment
Utilize his/her own fundamental rights.
                                     Answer ”
8. When a person properly executes ones responsibility, others could also benefit through,  (G-12: Entrance)
A. Having a decreased number of hard-working citizens.
B. Having an unhealthy society.
C. Having a self-sacrificing individual for social progress.
D. Having less amount of self-accomplished citizens.
                                            Explanation
There are benefits to be gained from responsibilities executed. These include:
predictability; when people consistently fulfill responsibilities, others know what to expect from them.
Security; knowing that others will fulfill their responsibilities enables people to feel more secure.
Efficiency; work can be accomplished more efficiently when the people involved fulfill their responsibilities.
Cooperation; when people working together on a task fulfill their responsibilities, cooperation increases. individual rewards; rewards may include a sense of independence and self-esteem, feelings of satisfaction, approval from others, increased recognition, status, or payment, and gains in knowledge, skills and experience.
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9. The cost of executing once responsibility may include,  (G-12: Entrance)
A. Getting job opportunities
B. Sacrificing once valuable life
C. Amassing social capital
D. Running businesses and securing profits
                                     Explanation
Social life is the outcome of the interactions of individuals. In the process of these interactions, there are benefits that individuals enjoy and burdens that they shoulder. Citizens can obtain benefits when running business or getting job opportunities, but they also have the responsibility of paying tax commensurate with their income. On the other hand, citizens burdens could range from respecting the rights of others to defending the country from external aggression. Failing to undertake such responsibilities is being irresponsible and may lead to a curtailment of your rights.
Fire Brigade workers may lose their lives fighting fire hazards. This is an occupational hazard they often have to face to fulfill their responsibilities. The price paid to preserve the sovereignty of your country creates the conditions for others to live in peace. This is a type of responsibility that every citizen should be willing to shoulder.
When fulfilling public burdens (responsibilities), some individual interests will have to be sacrificed. You sacrifice your private interests when you realize that the collective good is greater than what is good for the individual.
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10. Which of the following is correct about national security and international community?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. Rich countries reduced development aid to poor countries to deal with Security Matters related to terrorism.
B. Terrorist activities attacking the USA do not pose a threat to African countries.
C. National security can be achieved in the absence of international security.
D. Absence of security in Ethiopia would not affect the Horn of Africa and the Middle East
                                Explanation
Dealing with terrorism is a global problem that calls for governments to work together.
For Ethiopia to play a role in such matters will require citizens to have the necessary knowledge to contribute in a productive way. Tackling such problems globally unites people throughout the world for a common cause. This is the basis for the development of global citizenship.
                               Answer A
11. Which of the following is correct about global relations and concerns?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. Issues like poverty are concerns of a few countries of the world.
B. The world is increasingly becoming bigger enabling countries to ignore globalization.
C. Competition between countries has to be supported by cooperation to ease tension.
D. Possession of nuclear weapons by several countries is a guarantee for global peace.
                                Explanation
Co-operation could be established during war time or in time of peace. Often, greater co-operation results in greater achievements. The relationship between countries is, not only one of co-operation, but also of competition. Countries compete to advance national interests which could be in trade and commerce. For instance, the Japanese build great vehicles and this has given them the chance to dominate the international car market.
Competition has to be supported by co-operation to ease the potential tension that could arise.
                                  Answer ”
12. Which one of the following sentence is correct about cooperation and competition among nations?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. Cooperation corps up tensions results from competition for resources.
B. Countries cooperate to protect and preserve their natural and cultural heritages.
C. Cooperation between two nations last long when it is based on unequal benefits.
D. Countries cooperate for inequitable use of natural resources, such as cross boundary rivers.
                                     Explanation
There are multiple factors that lead countries to co-operate and work together for the common good.
States form closer relationships to achieve common objectives. Co-operation could be established during war time or in time of peace. Often, greater micro-operation results in greater achievements. The relationship between countries is, not only one of co-operation, but also of competition. Countries compete to advance national interests which could be in trade and commerce. For instance, the Japanese build great vehicles and this has given them the chance to dominate the international car market.
Competition has to be supported by co-operation to ease the potential tension that could arise.
Countries also co-operate for the equitable use of natural resources. Cross-boundary rivers create the conditions for countries to have a special relationship. The Euphrates and Tigris rivers govern relations between Turkey, Syria and Iraq. The Blue Nile River sets a special relation between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt. Ethiopia contributes over 80% of the total volume of water to the Nile.
                               Answer ”
13.In Ethiopia, one of the areas for cooperation with neighboring countries to achieve equitable use of natural resources is:  (G-12: Entrance)
A. The Blue Nile River
B. The Legadembi Gold Mines
C. The Ogaden Oil Resrve
D. The Ras Dashin Mountain
                                           Explanation
Countries also co-operate for the equitable use of natural resources. Cross-boundary rivers create the conditions for countries to have a special relationship. The Blue Nile River sets a special relation between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt.
                                           Answer ”
14. Countries in the world must cooperate among themselves for the sake of: (G-12: Entrance)
A. Assisting each other for the common good of mankind all over the world.
B. Expanding their cultural values globally.
C. Manufacturing heavy military equipment alone.
D. Only exploiting the environment.
                                  Explanation
There are multiple factors that lead countries to co-operate and work together for the common good.   States form closer relationships to achieve common objectives. Co-operation could be established  during war time or in time of peace. Often, greater co-operation results in greater achievements.   The relationship between countries is, not only one of co-operation, but also of competition.               
 Countries compete to advance national interests which could be in trade and commerce.
Countries also co-operate for the equitable use of natural resources. E g: Cross-boundary rivers The Euphrates and Tigris rivers govern relations between Turkey, Syria and Iraq. The Nile River sets a special relation between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt Countries also co-operate to protect and preserve their natural and historical heritages for the benefits of humanity. Ancient civilizations have left us important heritages that have to be preserved with collective efforts. Our natural environment is a component of the global ecosystem.
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15. While countries of the world cooperate for the common good among themselves, they must always avoid?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. Through UNESCO protecting and preserving heritages
B. Joining the United Nations and working for global security
C. Focusing on competition rather than cooperation
D. Works closely and fight the treats of international terrorism.
                                            Explanation
The relationship between countries is, not only one of co-operation, but also of competition. Countries compete to advance national interests which could be in trade and commerce. For instance, the Japanese build great vehicles and this has given them the chance to dominate the international car market. Competition has to be supported by co-operation to ease the potential tension that could arise.
                                       Answer ”
16. Which of the following is true about the victims of HIV/AIDS?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. HIV/AIDS victims do not like social life
B. The number of the HIV/AIDS victims is very small in Ethiopia
C. HIV/AIDS is a threat against only the youth.
D. HIV/AIDS victims have been discriminated due to the poor levels of awareness among the society
                                                    Explanation   
UN agencies, governments and other establishments have to do more in order to help countries combat HIV/AIDS. There are a number of organizations across the world which are working to support AIDS victims in the world. Improving the living conditions of people in poor countries is one way of combating HIV/AIDS at an international level.
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17. . Which of the following is NOT true about HIV/AIDS?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. It is a global problem that needs global intervention.
B. It is number one killer disease in the developed world.
C. It conspires with inventions such as tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid and hepatitis.
D. Improving the living standards of poor nations is one way of combating HIV/AIDS.
                                           Explanation
HIV/AIDS is a disease that affects humans irrespective of age, color, race, religion or occupation.
HIV/AIDS patients are more likely to die of infections like tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid and hepatitis.
These diseases affect millions in poor countries and many in the developed ones. It is a global problem that requires global intervention to stop it.
UN agencies, governments and other establishments have to do more in order to help countries combat HIV/AIDS. There are a number of organizations across the world which are working to support AIDS victims in the world. Improving the living conditions of people in poor countries is one way of combating HIV/AIDS at an international level.
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18. Which of the following is NOT true?  (G-12: Entrance)
A. HIV/AIDS is incurable disease
B. HIV/AIDS is transmitted mainly through careless sexual intercourse
C. HIV/AIDS has nothing to do with the economic situations of a nation
D. HIV/AIDS creates a serious socio-economic challenge in todays world
                                       Explanation
These diseases affect millions in poor countries and many in the developed ones. It is a global problem that requires global intervention to stop it. UN agencies, governments and other establishments have to do more in order to help countries combat HIV/AIDS. There are a number of organizations across the world which are working to support AIDS victims in the world. Improving the living conditions of people in poor countries is one way of combating HIV/AIDS at an international level.
                                            Answer ”